Parameter-tuning Networks: Experiments and Active Walk Model

The tuning process of a large apparatus of many components could be represented and quantified by constructing parameter-tuning networks. The experimental tuning of the ion source of the neutral beam injector of HT-7 Tokamak is presented as an example. Stretched-exponential cumulative degree distributions are found in the parameter-tuning networks. An active walk model with eight walkers is constructed. Each active walker is a particle moving with friction in an energy landscape; the landscape is modified by the collective action of all the walkers. Numerical simulations show that the parameter-tuning networks generated by the model also give stretched exponential functions, in good agreement with experiments. Our methods provide a new way and a new insight to understand the action of humans in the parameter-tuning of experimental processes, is helpful for experimental research and other optimization problems.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Tetra­kis(μ-6-hydr­oxy-1-naphthoato)bis­[(6-hydr­oxy-1-naphthoato)(1,10-phenanthroline)europium(III)] dihydrate

The title complex, [Eu2(C11H7O3)6(C12H8N2)2]·2H2O, has a centrosymmetric binuclear cage structure in which the two EuIII ions are both nine-coordinated and bridged by 6-hy­droxy-1-naphthoate (L) ligands, with an Eu⋯ Eu separation of 4.1594 (4) Å. The remaining coordination sites are occupied by two N atoms from one 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and two O atoms from an L ligand. The six 6-hydr­oxy-1-naphthoate groups coordinate each EuIII atom in three different ways, namely μ2-η1:η1-bridging, μ1-η1:η1-chelating, and μ2-η1:η2-chelating/bridging modes. Adjacent discrete dinuclear units are linked into a two-dimensional sheet parallel to (011) by inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions. The sheets are cross-linked by water mol­ecules, forming a three-dimensional network. In addition, π–π stacking inter­actions, with a centroid–centroid separation of 3.547 (2) Å are observed

Bis(μ-6-hydroxy­naphthalene-1-carboxyl­ato)bis­[(6-hydroxy­naphthalene-1-car­box­yl­ato)(1,10-phenanthroline)cadmium(II)] tetra­hydrate

The title complex, [Cd2(C11H7O3)4(C12H8N2)2]·4H2O, has a centrosymmetric binuclear structure in which two CdII atoms are both six-coordinated and bridged by 6-hydroxy­naphthalene-1-carboxyl­ate ligands, with a Cd⋯Cd separation of 3.671 (1) Å. The remaining coordination sites are occupied by two N atoms of a 1,10-phenanthroline ligand and two O atoms of a 6-hydroxy­naphthalene-1-carboxyl­ate ligand. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions

Bis[μ-1-(2-pyridylmeth­yl)-1H-benzo­triazole]disilver(I) bis­(perchlorate)

In the title centrosymmetric binuclear AgI complex, [Ag2(C12H10N4)2](ClO4)2, each AgI center is two-coordinated by one pyridine and one benzotriazole N-donor atom of two inversion-related 1-(2-pyridylmeth­yl)-1H-benzotriazole (L) ligands. This forms a unique box-like cyclic dimer with an intra­molecular Ag⋯Ag separation of 4.479 (2) Å. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, involving uncoordinated ClO4 − ions, link the binuclear units, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (10)

Relationship among Self-appraisals, Others’ Actual Appraisals, and Reflected Appraisals on Primary School Teachers Teaching Ability

Convenient sampling and questionnaire survey was used to investigate the relationship among self-appraisals, others’ actual appraisals, and reflected appraisals on the teaching ability of 40 primary school teachers. The results of the study indicated that primary school teachers’ selfappraisals on teaching ability was obviously below others’ actual appraisals; generalized others had more influence on the self-appraisals of primary school teachers than specific others; primary school teachers’ reflected appraisals could influence their self-appraisals; and others’ actual appraisals could not directly influence self-appraisals. Consequently, we should pay more attention in developing the primary school teachers’ reflective ability, change the current way of teaching reflection, improve the influence of others’ actual appraisals on self-appraisals, and enhance the validity of teaching reflection

catena-Poly[[chloridomercury(II)]-μ-1,4-diaza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octane-κ2 N:N′-[chlorido­mercury(II)]-di-μ-chlorido]

In the title coordination polymer, [Hg2Cl4(C6H12N2)]n, each HgII center within the chain is four-coordinated by one terminal Cl atom, two bridging μ2-Cl atoms, and one N-atom donor from a μ2-1,4-diaza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octane (μ2-daco) ligand in a distorted tetra­hedral geometry. The daco ligand acts as an end-to-end bridging ligand and bridges adjacent HgII centers, forming a chain running along [001]. Weak C—H⋯Cl hydrogen-bonding inter­actions link the chains into a three-dimensional network. Comparison of the structural differences with previous findings suggests that the space between the two N donors, as well as the skeletal rigidity in N-heterocyclic linear ligands, may play an important role in the construction of such supra­molecular networks

Kinetic Modeling for Microwave-Enhanced Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Manganese Oxide

This study was originally performed to compare the MnO2-based degradation of aqueous methylene blue (MB) under microwave irradiation- (MW-) enhanced and conventional heating- (CH-) enhanced conditions. The degradation process and kinetics were investigated to elucidate the microwave effect on the reaction. The results showed that all three tested conditions, sole MnO2, MnO2/CH, and MnO2/MW, followed the third-order (second upon MB and first upon MnO2) kinetic model. However, a higher degradation rate of MB was available under the MW-enhanced process, which implies that the “athermal effect” of MW might be of more benefit for the generation of electrophilic oxygen ions (, , and ) to degrade MB. The results showed that the degradation percentage of MB could reach 100%, corresponding to 92% total organic carbon (TOC) removal under microwave irradiation at pH 7.20 for 10 min